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電子鼻算法知多少?
發布時間:2021/11/29 瀏覽:

電子鼻是20世紀90年代中期發展起來的一種用于分析、識別氣味物質總體特征的新型檢測儀器。
通過電子鼻可以建立食品、醫藥、生物、化工、環境等的氣味指紋圖譜,能實現氣味的客觀化表達,通過儀器分析推動食品、醫藥、化工等多領域的現代化發展。
電子鼻是模仿生物的嗅覺感受機制研制出來的,電子鼻系統中的傳感器陣列即相當于生物系統中的嗅覺感受細胞,能感受不同的氣味物質,將采集到的氣體指紋信息輸入電腦;電腦代替了生物系統中的大腦功能,通過軟件進行分析處理,區分辨識不同性質物質的整體特征,最后給出各個物質的感官信息。
在電子鼻應用過程中,需要多元數理統計系統對電子鼻采集特征數據進行分析,大數據算法對其使用效果至關重要,只有通過專業的數據統計分析系統才能深入地、完全地提取并解釋數據信息,還可以有效減少實驗誤差數據對結果的影響,得到科學的、可視化的實驗結果。現將上海保圣電子鼻Electronic Nose的電子鼻系統算法集中一一介紹。
1、上海保圣電子鼻Electronic Nose 差異對比:方差分析ANOVA和多重比較comparison
分析對(dui)該事物有顯(xian)著影響的(de)因(yin)素,各因(yin)素之(zhi)間的(de)交互作用,以及顯(xian)著影響因(yin)素的(de)最佳水(shui)平等。

 

2、上海保圣電子鼻Electronic Nose 降維分析
1)主成分分析PCA(Principal Component Analysis): 找到高維數據中的主成分,并利用“主成分”數據來表征原始數據,從而達到降維的目的,其側重于信息貢獻影響力綜合評價。
保圣科技(ji)電子鼻系統中的PCA算法,以(yi)(yi)多(duo)類型圖(tu)形表(biao)達降(jiang)維(wei)分析(xi)結(jie)果,以(yi)(yi)多(duo)種可視(shi)化方(fang)式表(biao)現數據結(jie)果。


2)線性判別分析LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation): 分析時最大化類間距離以及最小化類內距離,是目前數據挖掘領域中比較經典且熱門的一種有監督的算法。
保圣科技(ji)電(dian)子鼻ElectronicNose系統中的LDA算法,以多(duo)類(lei)型圖(tu)形表達降維分析結果(guo),以多(duo)種(zhong)可視化方式表現數據(ju)結果(guo)。


3)局部線(xian)性嵌入LLE:可以學習(xi)任(ren)意維(wei)的(de)局部線(xian)性的(de)低維(wei)流形,而且LLE算法(fa)歸結(jie)為稀(xi)疏矩陣特征分解(jie),計算復雜度(du)相對較小(xiao),實現容易。

 

4)拉(la)普拉(la)斯特征映射(she)LE(Laplacian Eigenmaps): 使(shi)相互間有關(guan)系的(de)點在(zai)降(jiang)維后的(de)空間中盡(jin)可能的(de)靠近,從而在(zai)降(jiang)維后仍能保持原(yuan)有的(de)數(shu)據結構。

 

5)等距特征映射Isomap(Laplacian Eigenmaps) :分析尋找到所有樣本全局(ju)的最優解,當數(shu)據量很大時或(huo)者樣本維(wei)度很高時,計(ji)算量非常大。

 

6)非(fei)線性降維T-SNE(t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding) :非(fei)常適用于高維數據降維到2維或(huo)者3維,進行可視化(hua)。

 

3、上海保圣電子鼻Electronic Nose 回歸分析:電子鼻定量分析
1)偏(pian)最小(xiao)(xiao)二乘法回歸PLSR(Partial Least Squares Regression) :對于自(zi)變量或因變量較多的數據(ju)處理更為優越(yue),而(er)且回歸系(xi)數可以(yi)看出各自(zi)變量與因變量的相關性及其(qi)影響的大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)。

 

2)神經網絡BP(BPNN, Back Propagation Neural Network) :通過矩陣乘法運算,其(qi)包括信號前向傳播和誤(wu)差反(fan)向傳播兩個過程。


3)支持(chi)向量機SVM(support vector machines) :通(tong)過(guo)使(shi)用非線性(xing)映(ying)射算(suan)法(fa)將(jiang)低維(wei)輸入空間(jian)轉化為高維(wei)特征空間(jian),使(shi)其線性(xing)可分。


4、上海保圣電子鼻Electronic Nose 分類分析:電子鼻定性分析
K鄰近分(fen)析(xi)KNN(k-NearestNeighbor) :對(dui)于類(lei)域的交叉或重疊較多(duo)的待分(fen)樣本集(ji)來說,KNN方法較其他方法更(geng)為適合。


5、上(shang)海保(bao)圣電子鼻(bi)Electronic Nose 聚類算法

1)系(xi)統聚類: 計算方(fang)法有歐式距離(EuclideanDistance)、閔氏(shi)距離(MinkowskiDistance)、馬氏(shi)距離(MahalanobisDistance),并在最后的分(fen)類樹狀圖(tu)中(zhong)依(yi)據自己(ji)的分(fen)類需求確定分(fen)類結果。

 

2)密(mi)度(du)聚類(lei)DBSCAN(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise): 將簇(cu)定義為密(mi)度(du)相連的(de)點的(de)最(zui)大集合,能夠(gou)把具(ju)有(you)足夠(gou)高密(mi)度(du)的(de)區域(yu)劃分(fen)為簇(cu),并(bing)可在噪聲的(de)空(kong)間數據庫中發現任意形狀的(de)聚類(lei)。

 

3)聚類K-Means: 原理較為簡單,實現(xian)也很容易(yi),收斂速度快,聚類效果(guo)較優,算法的可(ke)解釋度比較強。

上(shang)海保圣Electronic Nose電子鼻應(ying)用介紹:

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